Team C collaborative discussion Ethics in Business Communication Essay

Group C synergistic conversation Ethics in Business Communication Essay Group C synergistic conversation Morals in Business Communication COM/295 September 15, 2014 Group C synergistic conversation Morals in Business Communication I need to concede I was somewhat stressed to start with when I investigated the prerequisite for this task. Leading exploration with respect to a theme that isn't based on my personal preference and to be relied upon to work together in a group conversation can in some cases be hard. Particularly when your colleagues are absent in body to work with. All types of correspondence are being dealt with through, email, telephone or even google visit. It has been an intriguing however effective experience up until this point and I trust thoroughly considered the following three weeks it will keep on being a positive result. In the wake of directing exploration we as a whole have decided to work together on an article that was found by Sheira, called Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy (Gogoi, June) A representative who carefully followed the organization's own morals rules may wind up out of an occupation. (Gogoi, June). Lowry (new worker) with the correspondences office willingly volunteered to report another associate whom was the VP of the correspondence division for exchanging her stock dependent on insider data. The VP Mrs. Williams had approached Lowry to duplicate a few papers for her. The papers appeared to Lowry to be duplicates of stock reports in which later in the week Wal-Mart made a declaration that they are thinking about a buyout that is worth $15 billion. So Lowry beginning reasoning that possibly Williams was utilizing this for her own advantage being she realized what the arrangement was expected to being an insider. At the point when Lowry was employed she needed to go to a meeting that instructed her what to look like for exploitative conduct and that it is so imperative to report those issues/concerns right away. So that is the thing that Lowery did. In our conversation we as a whole concurred that it was unscrupulous what Lowry did when taking care of this circumstance. We as a whole concurred that Lowery could have handle the circumstance more on the morally by tending to her anxiety with Williams first before bouncing creation allegations. Pretty much we all in the group have worked together with each other during the time as concurred we would do. Lindsey Ballard then again had just tolled in multiple times and fundamentally those remarks were simply on my postings. Out of those four posting Lindsey just had one answer that was genuinely extensive, the others were around two to four sentences. I felt she could have invested the energy somewhat more in reacting then just I consent to a remark that was posted by her associates. Omar and Sheira I thoroughly consider did themselves with inclusion consistently and ensuring they remarked over and past the prerequisite for this task I do accept. By Sunday they were talking about amo ng one another on ways they can research to figure out what moral method Lowry could have taken before recording her report against Williams. I, myself felt I could have applied more in my info and nature of jargon while talking about the moral conduct misshaped among Lowry and her allegations she made against Williams. Likewise between Wal-Marts choice to excuse Lowry after they made their assurance that Williams didn't abuse Wal-Mart code of morals strategy. Be that as it may, being we had only seven days to shuffle different class assignments that require my consideration, two occupations and a family I give myself a gesture of congratulations that I took an interest as much as I did on this one task. It was a delight working with Omar, Lindsey and Sheira this week and I anticipate our group conversation in the following three weeks to follow. Reference Gogoi, P. (June 13, 2007). Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy. Recovered from http://businessweek.com/stories/2007-06-13/wal-bazaars most recent morals controversybusinessweek-business-news-securities exchange and-money related counsel

Yellow Wall Paper And Women Role Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction

Yellow Wall Paper And Women Role In the nineteenth century, ladies in writing were regularly depicted as accommodating to men. Writing of the period frequently described ladies as abused by society, just as by the male impacts in their lives. The Yellow Wallpaper presents the awful story of a lady's plummet into gloom also, frenzy. Gilman once expressed Ladies' subjection will possibly end when ladies lead the battle for their own self-governance, along these lines liberating man just as themselves, since man experiences the contortions that originate from strength, similarly as ladies are scarred by the enslavement forced upon them (Lane 5). The Yellow Wallpaper splendidly delineates this way of thinking. The storyteller's declining emotional wellness is reflected through the attributes of the house she is caught in and her better half, while attempting to secure her, is really decimating her. The storyteller of the story goes with her primary care physician/spouse to remain in a frontier chateau for the mid year. The house should be where she can recoup from serious post birth anxiety. She adores her child, yet knows she can't deal with him. It is blessed Mary is so acceptable with the child. Such a dear infant! But then I can't be with him, it makes me so anxious (Gilman 642). The imagery used by Gilman is to some degree to one side from the customary. A house for the most part represents security. In this story the inverse is valid. The hero, whose name we never learn, feels caught by the dividers of the house, similarly as she is caught by her psychological maladjustment. The windows of her room, which ordinarily would represent a feeling of opportunity, are banished, holding her in. (Biedermann 179, 382). From the beginning the peruser is given a feeling of the overbearing inclinations of the storyteller's significant other, John. The storyteller lets us know: John is a doctor, and maybe ? (I would not say it to a living soul, obviously, yet this is dead paper and an extraordinary alleviation to my mind) ? maybe that is one explanation I don't recover quicker (Gilman 640). It is horrendously evident that she feels caught and incapable to communicate her fears to her better half. He doesn't trust I am debilitated. Furthermore, what can one do? In the event that a doctor of high standing and one's own significant other guarantees companions what's more, family members that there is actually nothing the issue with one except for impermanent anxious wretchedness ? a slight crazy propensity ? what is one to do? Her significant other isn't the main male figure who commands and persecutes her. Her sibling, additionally a specialist, says something very similar (Gilman 640-641). Since the story is written in journal group, we feel particularly near this lady. We are in contact with her deepest contemplations. The strength of her spouse, and her response to it, is reflected all through the story. The storyteller is constantly agreeable, bowing to her better half's desires, despite the fact that she is despondent and discouraged. Her better half has received that she should have complete rest on the off chance that she is to recuperate. This is an immediate corresponding to Gilman's life, wherein during her disease she was treated by a specialist who acquainted her with the rest fix. She was told to carry on with a residential life, just lock in in scholarly exercises two hours every day, and never to contact pen, brush, or then again pencil once more as long as she lived (Gilman 640). In this story, the storyteller's better half, John, doesn't need her to work. So I . . . am completely illegal to ?work' until I am well again(Gilman 641). John doesn't need her to compose. There comes John, and I should put this away ? he prefers not to have me compose a word(Gilman 642). It is additionally a direct inference to Gilman's own experience that the storyteller is encountering serious post pregnancy anxiety. Gilman experienced a similar illness after the birth of her own little girl (Gilman 639). It is intriguing that the room her spouse decides for them, the room the storyteller loathes, is the nursery. The storyteller depicts the nursery as having banished windows and being appalling (Gilman 641-642). The storyteller's reaction to the room is a further case of her agreeable conduct. I don't care for our room a piece. I needed one first floor that opened onto the piazza and had roses everywhere throughout the window, and such really antiquated chintz hangings! Be that as it may, John would not hear of it (Gilman 641). In spite of the fact that she is for all intents and purposes a detainee in the room, she is

How ADHD Can Affect Peer Relationships

How ADHD Can Affect Peer Relationships ADHD School Print How ADHD Can Affect Peer Relationships Ways ADHD Related Difficulties Can Affect Social Behaviors By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 19, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Wan Mohd Saifudin W Ibrahim / EyeEm / Getty Images Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience problems in their relationships with peers. As a parent, it can be very difficult to see your child struggle to make and keep friends. You may find that your son or daughter is not receiving invitations to birthday parties of classmates and is seldom asked for play dates or sleepovers. For your child, this rejection and isolation can be doubly painful over time. In order for friendships to grow and be maintained, a child must be able to control impulses, take turns, cooperate, share, listen, be empathetic, attentive and focused, communicate effectively with others, be aware of and respond to social cues, and have an ability to problem-solve situations and resolve conflicts as they ariseâ€"all skill areas that can be challenging for a child with ADHD. How ADHD Related Difficulties Affect Social Behaviors Children with ADHD often interact in ways that can provoke negative reactions from peers. Some may try to dominate play or engage in ways that are too aggressive, demanding, and intrusive. They may have trouble joining in with peers in the things their peers like to do. Instead, they may want to make their own set of rules, or engage in bossy, unfair or non-compliant ways, and generally may have a hard time knowing how to cooperate with other kids the same age. Many kids with ADHD have a hard time picking up on and reading social cues. Others may become bored easily, get distracted and check out on friends. Problems with attention and self-control can interfere with opportunities to acquire social skills through observational learning. Many kids with ADHD also have a hard time managing difficult feelings and can very quickly become overwhelmed, frustrated, and emotionally reactive. Impulsive reactions, hyperactive, or distracted behaviors may be viewed as not only frustrating and irritating, but also as insensitive to the needs of others, and so the child is further avoided and rejected and deemed less and less likable within the group. Skills Learned From Peer Groups Experiences and relationships within a peer group can have a profound effect on a childs development. Through these connections, a child learns how to have reciprocal friendships and how to make and maintain healthy relationships with others. Through peer groups, a child learns the rules and skills of social exchange including cooperation, negotiation, and conflict resolution. Unfortunately, symptoms of ADHD can impair a childs ability to observe, understand, and respond to his or her social environment. Because of difficulties with self-control, many kids with ADHD tend to react without thinking through the consequences of their behavior or of the impact their behavior can have on others around them. In addition, they can have a hard time learning from past experiences. This disruptive or insensitive behavior is often viewed as purposeful and deliberate; as a result, the child with ADHD may be labeled as a troublemaker and be further avoided and quickly rejected by the wider group. Once stuck with such a label, it can become even more difficult for the child to overcome this negative reputation and connect positively with peers even as he or she begins to make positive changes in social skills. Some kids with ADHD isolate themselves because of repeated failures in friendships, feelings of wariness and reticence with others, and plummeting feelings of self-confidence. Problems are then compounded because when children avoid or disengage from others, they no longer have opportunities to learn adaptive skills, and as a result, they develop ever lower peer competencies. These deficits in social skills can certainly take a toll and have a negative effect on a child as he or she grows and moves into adolescence and adulthood. A Word From Verywell If your child is struggling with peer relationships, know that it is important that you target peer problems directly and over the long term. The good news is that you can help your child develop these social skills and competencies. Being aware of the social difficulties that can be associated with ADHD and understanding how your childs own ADHD is negatively impacting his or her relationships is the first step. With this information, you can then begin to move forward in a solution-focused way to help your child develop positive social and friendship skills.

World War I, The Great Depression And Its Aftermath

When considering time between 1865 and 1945, United States history evolved and differed from period to period. It began with times of slavery and reconstruction, and proceeded with transformation in the Gilded Age. This then led to the Progressive Era, World War I, the Great Depression and its aftermath, as well as World War II. As one can see, history seems to fluctuate from times of peace and order to times of chaos and turmoil. A process of trial and error explains both how and why the U.S. changed the way it did. In other words, these periods and events reveal that history in itself is a recurring process of learning from past mistakes. In 1865, the United States had increasing conflict about the idea of freedom. What did it mean to be free? Who was allowed to be free? Did freedom mean equality? These questions came into play regarding African Americans and their status as newly freedmen. It was even stated by Soloman G. Brown in his song â€Å"Dear Friends, What’s Arouse d You?† that there was â€Å"no justice for black men, not even what’s fair†. This led to a period of reconstruction in the South, which was hopeful in giving equal opportunities to those emancipated. One of the first steps taken was the Civil Rights Bill, which â€Å"defined all persons born in the United States as citizens and spelled out rights they were to enjoy without regard to race,† (Foner 457). This period came to an end through continuous efforts, amendments, acts, and groups, such as the Redeemers, whichShow MoreRelatedHitler s Ideas Expressed With The Government And The Aftermath Of World War I1125 Words   |  5 Pageshope to most Germans that were dissatisfied with the government and the aftermath of World War I. The â€Å"Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan† pandered to their Samurai heritage and their discontent with West as a result of the Great Depression. The ideas in both documents would persuade any westerner, specifically American and British, to the same extend as it did with Germans and Japanese, to tirelessly support war. From what concrete conditions did the ideas expressed in theseRead MoreThe Great Depression1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Great Depression The major causes of the Great Depression in the United States all began with the expansion of the US economy as a result of World War I during the 1920s. A bubble formed in the United States Stock Market as a result of speculative trading due to the ease of buying and selling stock with new ticker tape technology as well as telephone lines that allowed for market transactions from all over the country. The Stock Market crashed on what is known as Black Tuesday, October 29,Read MoreThe War Of The World War II1347 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen deterred from launching the Second World War? Only two decades after the Great War, the greats of the globe were launched once more into a world war. As Germany’s primary opponent, France and Great Britain felt the brunt of casualties of the deadliest war the world had seen by far. They were weakened economically, politically and militarily and unable to stop the nihilistic, yet charismatic, leader of Nazi Germany. With the end of the First World War, German people expected the armistice toRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Civil War968 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of the United States, nothing has served as a catalyst of societal restructuring and reform as war. Following the internal conflict of the civil war, the country experienced a state of peace with a focus on reconstruction and betterment of the overall public. These years of peace came to a close with the eruption of the extremely controversial Spanish American war, the first bloodshed America administered on foreign soil. Following the quelling of the controversial feelings theRead MoreAndre Norton s Daybreak 2250 A.d1160 Words   |  5 Pages The world in which we dwell is so complex that it would take a lifetime to grasp and comprehend, and that is why we are given a lifetime. What’s most fascinating about our world is the worlds within it, we are able to create and recreate what is around us and document it through writing. Andre Norton’s Daybreak 2250 A.D. is an excellent example of a textual work that was crafted under the influence of a world structured by the author’s experience and interpreted by the reader’s understanding ofRead MoreThemes In All Quiet On The Western Front1397 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   A great loss could mean anything. A great loss could be a loss of innocence, loss of close ones, or a loss of a sense of direction in life after a tragedy. Specifically, these deals of great loss were brought together in the novel, â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† by Erich Maria Remarque. The novel exemplifies all the loss that war has to bring to a young boy, and his fellow comrades. Paul Baumer, the main character in the novel, joins the war at nineteen years old with his friends from schoolRead MoreAnalysis of Fdrs First Inaugual Speech830 Words   |  4 PagesInaugural Address in early 1933, the United States was still feeling the horrible shock and disappointments the Great Depression brought about. In addition, the   rest of the world, especially Europe was also suffering from the outcome of the Great Depression, since the US immediately demanded that foreign debts be paid. Other world issues included Europe still dealing with the aftermath of World War I in a revolutionary style (an example is the instating of the Third Reich in Germany by the Nazi Party withRead MoreEssay on Aftermath of Wwi Leads to Wwii1131 Words   |  5 PagesAftermath of WWI Leads to WWII Prior to the First World War, Europe was the world center of industry and capital. Massive death, destruction, and resentment after World War I left most countries unable to recover to a normal existence and damaged the world economy. The economic collapse and the political instability caused by World War I eventually led to the rise of fascism in Europe. Forceful dictators in Italy, Germany, and Japan took advantage of these problems to seize power by territorialRead MoreNotes Chapter 21 WWI1292 Words   |  6 Pagesconsider the repercussions of nationalism and colonialism in Europe and Japan †¢ To increase student awareness of the effects of the two world wars †¢ To help students imagine the appeal of totalitarian movements in the twentieth century KEY TERMS: blitzkrieg: German term meaning â€Å"lightning war,† used to describe Germany’s novel military tactics in World War II, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas. (pron. BLITS-kreeg) European Economic Community:Read MoreI Am A Mother Of Three Beautiful Children1275 Words   |  6 Pages My name is Alice Rose Brown and I live in Long Island, New York with my beautiful family. A little about me, I am 32 years of age (born February 4th, 1909) and live in a beautiful estate just a few minutes from the beach. I am married to the love of my life, Arthur James Brown. I am a mother of three beautiful children. Charles Caleb Brown being the eldest of three is 10 and is enrolled in Octavian Day School. Grace Anne Brown she is the middle of the three children and is 8 years of age also enrolled

Communication is the Exchange of Thoughts and Feelings...

Communication is the exchange of ideas, thoughts and feelings between two or more people. We communicate verbally or non-verbally on a daily basis with our peers, coworkers and our family members. There are four different communication styles we use in our personal and professional lives: the private, dominant, sociable and open style. Although a person can have characteristics for all four styles, some people have two main styles they fall back on when dealing with certain situations at work or in their personal lives. A fundamental tool in communication is listening, its the key to understanding those around you. When we listen we not only listen to the verbal message but also the non-verbal message. According to the text, the†¦show more content†¦Ricci and i have worked together as manager at Chuck e. Cheese for about three years now. From my observation through out the years Im confident in my assertion that her communication style is sociable. Her management sty le is the sociable-style she prefers a social environment and is friendly with everyone. However when there is a major crisis at work her self-preservation instinct kick in and she will do whatever it takes not to get caught up in the conflict. Also during our business peak times she is more of the get by instead of providing quality service. Five tips that can be used for communicating with this style are As we mentioned earlier effective listening is a skill that is constantly being improved. According to the text their are eight nonacceptance responses when listening to employees that make them feel as if no one either supports them or is listening to them. The first is ordering and demanding with the listeners response being you must try†¦, the implied message the employee receives is not to feel , act or think a certain way. Next we have criticizing, blaming or disagreeing with the listeners response being you arent thinking about this properly†¦ the implied message received by the employee is you are wrong in having the feelings you have or thinking they way you do. Advising or giving answers with let me suggest†¦ by not allowing the employee to come up with their own answers you areShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication On A Daily Base983 Words   |  4 PagesSociety sees interpersonal communication on a daily base. The question might be what is interpers onal communication, is there conflict, and where we experience it. Communication skills are developed to enhance or improve with the increased knowledge and practice. Today’s world with various forms of communication is ideal to have a superb interpersonal skill. Tough Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. Furthermore, the uncertainty theory comes fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process by replacing human information, feelings and senseRead MoreCommunication : Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1216 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is a complex activity which involve verbal and non-verbal communication, the topic under discussion, the prejudgments that people bring to the topic, and the â€Å"communication history† between participants in the discussion. A Speaker who transmits message must ensure that the message is delivered clearly. A listener who takes the messages must be an active listener. As effective communication can only take place when the recipient of the message understands it ’s meaning and able to expressRead MoreCommunication For Effective Leadership At The Workplace859 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication for Effective Leadership Everyday in the workplace a person must interact with others in various forms of communication to complete their day. A leader must be able to strategically communicate with their employees, as well as overcome any communication barriers, in order to achieve a high-performance rate in the workplace. An example of a scenario that requires diplomatic communication, in my case, is a loss of work ethic amongst team members. Communication Strategies CommunicationRead MoreCommunication Barriers That Can Hinder The Smooth Flow Of Communication Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is one of the most powerful and effective ways of expressing one’s thoughts and emotions. Success for a student depends largely to the extent of their ability to communicate effectively. There are many factors responsible for a breakdown in communication, known as barriers to communication. This paper will begin by discussing the intrapersonal barriers that can impede on a student’s ability to communicate effectively. It will then examine intercultural language barriers and how theyRead MoreGraduation Speech : Midnight Road Trips1529 Words   |  7 Pagesevents, social gatherings, group projects, career choices, parties, late night study sessions, midnight road trips, and finals it is no wonder that college is typically a time of change, experimentation, and life long commitments. The one thing many people in college hope to find i s a long term partner to spend their lives with. The relationships that tend to last through the college years and beyond are those in which the individuals feel comfortable disclosing information and are able to pass throughRead MoreCommunication And Social Care Communication1169 Words   |  5 PagesOxford Dictionary defines communication as â€Å"The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium †. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour . The Collins Dictionary defines it as the imparting or exchange of information, ideas, or feelings . The Business Dictionary’s definition of communication paints a bigger picture ofRead MoreReflective Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions: description, reflection, influencing factors, alternative strategies and learning. That enable practitioner to break down his/her experience. Gibbs (1988) is another common model of reflection which consists of six stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. The structure allows the reflection to be written in a clear way. In accordance with the NMC (2008) code of professional conduct, confidentiality should be maintain and all names will be anonymousRead MoreExpressing Affection: a Vocabulary of Loving Messages1647 Words   |  7 Pagesself-disclosure, and gifts. Wilkinson begins by explaining why we communicate affection the way we do. Communication is a learned objective, and that goes for expressing affection as well. We learn at a young age how to show we care for others and to accept caring from others. We develop certain rules for sharing affection and for how intensely affection should be shared. We also learned that expressing varies between males and females and is also accepted differently from males and females. This goes as wellRead MoreCharacteristic of Business Communication829 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication skills are of utmost importance in managing information and technology in any organization. List the characteristics of communication and discuss the seven barriers to effective communication. Communication in simple terms is a transfer of information between people, resulting in common understanding between them. According to Newman and Summer , â€Å" Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons† Communication has the following characteristics:-

Linda Hogan Free Essays

What adjectives does Linda Hogan use to describe her personality as a child in Oklahoma? 2. Does L. H. We will write a custom essay sample on Linda Hogan or any similar topic only for you Order Now believe that she is a traditionally-minded Native woman? 3. In para 8, does L. H. state she thinks the view of the constellations is the same for the Western world as it is in the American Indian tradition? 4. 4. After rereading para 9, name the three types of writing L. H. says she does. 5. In para 12, what are the two choices for L. H. ’s main character in her novel Power? What is the main character’s name? 6. What endangered animal did a Seminole man kill in the controversial case that L. H. researched for an article she was writing? 7. What animal does L. H. write about in her poem â€Å"Affinity: Mustang†? What words describe the animal? 8. In the final para, according to L. H. , why does she write? What is her motivation for writing? TASK 2 Go beyond the text 1. L. H. riting often acknowledges traditional Native American values such as respecting the intelligence of the elders. What are some other traditional values she writes about? What are some traditional values you hold? Are your values similar to or different from the traditional values that L. H. cherishes? 2. L. H. discusses her views on the understanding of the cosmos and how the constellations have a meaning for her that is different from the traditional Western meaning. What might be some reasons for these different meanings? Do the skies and constellations have any meaning to you or to other people you know? If so, discuss this meaning and explain its importance. 3. L. H. ‘ s novel Power describes a character who must choose between two ways of life: the American world and the culture of her elders who live in their community with their own traditions. Have you or someone you know ever had to make a choice between two worlds, two ways of thinking, or two ways of conducting your life? Discuss the difficulties in making such a decision and the consequences of the choice you made. 4. In the first several paras of her essay, L. H. writes about how she grew, as a tree grows, into â€Å"a traditionally-minded Native woman† and a writer. What experiences helped her grow? In what ways have you connected your identity? What people and experiences have influenced you? How to cite Linda Hogan, Papers

Apology Essay Example For Students

Apology Essay I am not so certain if Socrates approach to his defense is particularly the brightest one, and it certainly is not an apology as the title has named it, but, there is a certain wisdom in the simple, plain structured arguments he presents. One of the first things he mentions, is for the jury to pardon him, in the case that he should slip into his accustomed way of speaking, just as they would pardon a foreigner for speaking in his accustomed manner. This appears to me to be a wise idea, as it is true, even in todays society that we tend to judge people on face value. People who do not speak English well, as Socrates would not have spoken court language very well, tend to be jusdged as stupid. Socrates next points out that Meletus is not the first man to accuse him. He adresses the fact that men have been accusing him in society, not courts, for many years. In doing so, he again proves himself wise, for he points out to the jury that they are probably predisposed to convict him because they already believe that he is evil, because their fathers and grandfathers have spent years saying so. He points this out, thus probably causing the jury to examine themselves, to realize that they may have already convicted him before he even spoke, and to actually listen to what he says afterward. Through all of this, Socrates continues to claim that he is not wise. This brings into question what the real deffinition of wise is. In Socrates case, he claims that he is not wise, and the oracle must have been referring to him as wise because he knows that he knows nothing for certain. The irony of this, is that he claims to know nothing, and then proves every man he questions or talks to, to know even less than him, or at least not more than Socrates. From a scientific point of view, I can completely understand this way of thinking, that the only way to be wise is to question everything. In science, you must question everything, and accept nothing as complete truth. If scientists had accepted without question that the sun revolved around the earth, or that life spontaneously generated from non-living matter, would we be the technological scince-rich society we are today? In science, you cannot blindly accept knowledge without first investigating it. This is what Socrates is doing, except on a larger scale. He is taking all knowledge, and examining it. In qeustioning Meletus, he again uses the mode of speaking where he examines everything. Although at first reading, it appears that Socrates is merely trying to embarrass and undermine Meletus credibility. However, he never attacks Meletus personal views, but only his definitions relating to the charges he filed against Socrates. In doing so, Socrates, in an understated way proves the charges against him to be false, for how can a person be charged when the accuser does not know how to define the nature of the crimes he is accusing Socrates of doing.

Edgar Alan Poe Essays - Never Bet The Devil Your Head, The Black Cat

Edgar Alan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is perhaps the best-known American Romantic who worked in the Gothic mode. His stories explore the darker side of the Romantic imagination, dealing with the grotesque, the supernatural, and the horrifying. He defined the form of the American short story. As one might expect, Poe himself eschewed conventional morality, which he believed stems from man's attempts to dictate the purposes of God. Poe saw God more as process than purpose. He believed that moralists derive their beliefs, and thus, the resultant behavioral patterns, from a priori knowledge. In Eureka, we find that Poe shunned such artifices of mind, systems which, he professed, have no basis in reality. Yet Poe employed in his writing the diction of the moral tome, which causes confusion for readers immersed in this tradition. Daniel Hoffman reiterates Allan Tate's position that, aside from his atavistic employment of moral terminology, Poe writes as though "Christianity had never been invented." (Hoffman 171) Poe did offer to posterity one tale with a moral. Written in 1841 at the dawn of Poe's most creative period, Poe delivers to his readers a satirical spoof, a literary Bronx cheer to writers of moralistic fiction, and to critics who expressed disapprobation at finding no discernible moral in his works. The tale "Never Bet the Devil Your Head: A Tale with a Moral" presents Poe's "way of staying execution" (Poe 487) for his transgressions against the didactics. The story's main character is Toby Dammit, who from infanthood, had been flogged left-handed, which since the world revolves right to left, causes evil propensities to be driven home rather than driven out. The narrator relates that by the age of seven months, Toby was chasing down and kissing the female babies, that by eight months he had flatly refused to sign the Temperance Pledge, and that by the end of his first year, he'd taken to "wearing moustaches, but had contracted a propensity for cursing and swearing, and for backing his assertions with bets." (Poe 488) As Toby reaches manhood, the narrator finally accepts that his young friend is incorrigible. By this time, Toby utters scarcely a sentence without oaths, his favorite of which is to bet the devil his head that he can accomplish whatever challenge lies before him. One day as the narrator accompanies Toby Dammit on a route which requires the crossing of a covered bridge, Toby bets the devil his head that he can leap over a bridge stile, pigeon winging as he performs the feat. Unexpectedly a "little lame old gentleman of venerable aspect" (Poe 491) interrupts with an emphatic "ahem" to take Toby up on his bet. The elderly gentleman wears a "a full suit of black, but his shirt was perfectly clean and the collar turned very neatly down over a white cravat." Oddly, his eyes are "carefully rolled up into the top of his head," and he wears a black silk apron. (491) After he takes charge of Toby, allowing him a running start, the elderly interloper takes his position just behind the stile. The narrator awaits the gentleman's "One--two--three--and--away," when Toby initiates his running leap. To all appearances, the young reprobate is destined to clear the stile easily, pigeon-winging as he flies, when abruptly his progress is arrested, and the luckless Toby falls flat on his back on his side of the stile. The elderly gentleman is indistinctly seen wrapping a bulky object in his apron, and taking his leave of them. When the narrator throws open an adjacent window, he sees that Toby has been deprived of his head by a sharp, heretofore unnoticed cross-support located directly above the stile. Stated so that the targets of Poe's ridicule cannot miss it, the moral of his tale is the title of the story. Yet the moral of the tale is not its theme. Poe purposes ridicule of those who presume to judge him, and of their small-mindedness. This ridicule is his theme. His rendering of this riotous spoof illustrates that Poe believed he had more important things to do than pass moral judgment in his tales. Poe instead opted to depict what occurred to him as the natural order of man's behavior, rather than to engage in baseless speculation concerning what God intended for the individual. Appropriately, Poe asks, "if we cannot comprehend God in his visible works, how then in his inconceivable thoughts, that call the works into being! If we cannot understand him in his objective creatures, how then in his substantive moods and phases of creation"? (Poe 280-81) Instead,

Moderation as Method of Maintenance to Mental Health

Moderation as Method of Maintenance to Mental Health Free Online Research Papers Moderation as Method of Maintenance to Mental Health Early American society viewed the moderation of passion as necessary to maintain physical and mental health. Unbridled emotions were seen as the source of sickness and the driving force behind crime. Both gender roles had an expectation of rationality, of emotional control, though the patriarchal system of the time rested on men being the more rational. Men carried on their shoulders the pressures of familial success; a ‘man’ was the head of the household, he held authority over his wife and his children. He had a duty to maintain this authority, and custom allowed him to use violence to such ends. He also had a responsibility to provide for his family, and to be a successful member of the community. When men could not control their emotions or fulfill their societal duties, ‘intimate violence’ was the result. Masculine intimate violence was the result of society’s unreasonable expectations and overwhelming pressures. Males were not men unless they had status within the community, but everyone in the community cannot have status. Those males that failed were pushed toward unbridled violence as the only outlet for their ‘masculine primitive’ which normally would’ve been expressed through patriarchal control or economic competition. What then, of unbridled violence between the master and the slave, since the master exerts both patriarchal control, and is engaged in economic competition? Such violence was necessary to maintain patriarchal control; the ‘masculine primitive’ manifesting its desire for survival. It is ironic that the driving force behind capitalism, the ‘masculine primitive’, undermines its society both socially and culturally through undesirable and uncivilized crime. The ‘masculine primitive’, without whic h capitalism could not exist, traps capitalism’s adherents into writing off a portion of the population as unproductive. This hurts efficiency, one of capitalism’s main goals. Capitalism and early American social values contributed to intimate violence as the repressed expression of the ‘masculine primitive’. Research Papers on Moderation as Method of Maintenance to Mental HealthInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Case Study (Tyco International LTD) - Easy Work

(Tyco International LTD) - Easy Work - Case Study Example within the multi-step income statement such as extraordinary activities demonstrate lack of transparency in business reporting and this justifies prohibition of IFRS for the presentation of extraordinary activities within the income statement. Tyco is characterized by acquisitions which aim at diversifying globally which has made it to have a highly decentralized structure. The working culture of the organization is motivated by the pursuit for continual growth and development. The company has many divisions which report to the head office. The decentralization within the company has led to the need for each of its divisions reporting their own financial statements separately. The senior management is the corporate office has led to aggressive reporting of financial statements by the company’s divisions through the high targets that they are expected to meet. Capitalization is the conversion of income into the value that the property that raised the income is estimated to be worthy. Capitalization also refers to the estimation of the present value of income for future earnings or payments. The $200 cash collection from the dealers of Tyco’s ADT subsidiary should be recorded as operating income. The operating income of a company must be included in its financial statement to enable accurate determination of the earnings of the company in relation to its expenses (Roxas 56). The $200 that was paid to the dealers as a growth bones would be equated to the same amount of income from the dealers if it is not capitalized and thus lead to an overall balancing of the financial statement. The fraud that Tyco was involved in led to an exaggeration of its operating income. The $1.76 billion should be recorded within its multi-step income statement as sales returns under the sales revenue of the operating section instead of categorizing this amount as gains from discontinued operations. This is because the IPO which generated the amount is a sale of one of the

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Econ - Essay Example n, Jagdish Bhagwati conveys both the India and china’s remarkable upturn of GDP in late 1980s and early 1990s, which resulted from the abolition of trade barriers. This illustrates how trade liberalization usually does to the global states’ economies owing to its free interaction characteristic besides thriving trade across their boundaries. Jagdish Bhagwati believes the remedy to the current global economic crises only rests in adopting trade liberalization or free trade rather than the present protectionism (Bhagwati 38). Jagdish Bhagwati refutes â€Å"Section 24 allowance† orâ€Å"allowance for Preferential Free Trade Agreements (FTA)† which the current US regime is applying besides other global states (Bhagwati 20). Since it yields to numerous economical predicaments presently faced by the global states’ besides posing the issue of economic unpredictability. This is evident in the incumbent US regime where the president Obama prefers protectionism approach and seems to forget its grievous impacts on economy notably in 1930s (Bhagwati 78). Jagdish Bhagwati does not approve the utilization of Preferential Free Trade Agreements (FTA) as a remedy to the present challenges. This is because he refers to the approach as an effective and malicious approach meant to undermine free trade or its liberalization. Therefore, Preferential Free Trade Agreements (FTA) normally erects barriers that prevent the flourishing of economy not only for US but also for other global states (Bhagwati

Chronic Urinary Tract Infections Treatment Case Nursing Essay

Chronic Urinary Tract Infections Treatment Case Nursing Essay RP, a 72-year-old Caucasian female, was brought to the emergency room (E.R) from Hillcrest Adult Foster Care via ambulance. Preadmission report to F-300 stated that she came to E.R confused, lethargic and weak, complaining of acute pain upon urination. She also urinated small amounts ( Upon arrival to F-300 RPs labs revealed significantly lowered thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH), a lowered red blood cell (RBC) count, along with decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit (HH). Her white blood (WBC) count was elevated, as expected with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Primary Diagnosis and Priority Secondary diagnosis The primary medical diagnosis was chronic urinary tract infections, with a secondary diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Patient History RP has a history of chronic UTIs, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease (stage III), and chronic anemia. She has several admissions the past few months related mainly to UTIs and dehydration. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/ETILOGY OF THE PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS AND PRIORITY SECONDARY DIAGNOSIS UTIs are the results of infection, mainly from bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. This leads to a condition referred to as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder). Most common of the UTIs are from infection known as infectious cystitis. A bacterium, the most common cause of infectious cystitis, is from the external urethra, this spreads inwards to the bladder (distal to proximal). Once a bacterium migrates to the bladder and starts the process of growing, it can migrate to other parts of the body (Ignatavicius Workman, 2006). UTIs present with symptoms that include frequency, urgency, retention, burning, foul odor, and incontinence. According to Wikipedia, four stages must be met in order for bacteria to grow. These include an infectious agent, one that must be able to grow, multiply and enter the body. Once we have the agent, the bacteria must find a portal of entry, (how it enters the body). Once in the body it needs an adequate reservoir, a place where organisms can thrive and multiply and the susceptibility of host, how bacteria affects the body after entry. Determents include age, overall health and other co-morbidities of the host and the susceptibility to pathogens. Most UTIs first grow in the perineal area due to irritation; in RPs case this may have been caused by lack of personal hygiene due to being overly fatigued, brought on by her hypothyroidism. Minton (2009) stated, Thyroid is the most important hormone in the body. Because it stimulates the production of cellular energy, production of all other hormones will be negatively impacted when thyroid hormone levels are less than optimal. Every aspect of health is affected by low thyroid function. Hypothyroidism is signaled by fatigue and loss of energy. According to textbook, hypothyroidism is the result of decreased metabolism from low levels of thyroid hormones (THs). Low levels of THs may be a result of several different reasons: thyroid cells may fail to produce sufficient amounts, or the cells themselves are damaged. The patient may not be ingesting enough of the substances needed to make THs, especially iodide and tyrosine. Low levels of THs affect most tissue and organs causing decreased cellular energy. The patient could become confused, lethargic, and have slowing of intellectual functions. ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF RELEVANT MEDICAL HISTORY ON THE PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS AND PRIORITY SECONDARY DIAGNOSIS RP has a history of chronic UTIs that has caused numerous admits to the hospital over the last few months. UTIs that are left untreated may and can cause damage to the kidneys and start the process of renal failure. Chronic infection of the kidneys causes scar tissue, which decreases the function of the renal system. With renal failure, the body cannot rid itself of certain toxins that may contribute to UTIs. Chronic UTIs may lead to chronic pyelonephritis, repeated upper tract infection of bacteria that migrates from the bladder superior (toward the kidney) to the kidneys. RPs diagnosis of chronic renal failure may be heightened by the chronic UTIs. Hypothyroidism and anemia, that cause fatigue and loss of energy, will discourage you from providing adequate hygiene. This encourages bacterial growth, which may start the chain of events leading up to a UTI. RP resides at an extended care facility that may not have adequate staff to assure that she receives the necessary amounts of iodide and tyrosine needed stimulate TH production. She is also very confused which would decrease her understanding of the importance of proper nutritional intake. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: CHRONIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS And Hypothyroidism A urine sample must be obtained either by a clean catch method or if client unable, by straight catheter method. A catheter method was used on RP, due to her confusion and retention. Urinalysis testing for leukocyte esterase (n=negative) and nitrate (n=none), along with a WBC (n= 0-4) are specifically for diagnosis of a UTIs (Mosbys 2006). Normal urine should appear clear with a yellow tint present (Mosbys 2006). A noticeable smell should not be present in uninfected urine; RPs urine had a pungent odor noted. RPs leukocyte esterase was 3+ and her nitrate was positive. WBCs were to numerous to count. These results determined that RP did have a UTI. Blood work was noted that RPs thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 0.05 (n=2-10). This confirmed the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. NURSING MANAGEMENT: URINARY TRACT INFECTION Recommended textbook intervention is to monitor for signs of UTIs. This includes, but not limited to: frequency, urgency, dysuria, incontinence, pyuria. In some older adults the only sign may be an increase in mental confusion or frequent, unexplained falls. RP was on Q-4 hour vital sign assessment, paying close attention to any increase in temperature and/or heart rate. The patient remained afebrile throughout admission. Heart rate remained between 80-90 beats per minute. Respiratory rate remained between 16-20 breaths per minute. Due to her confusion, bed alarms and padded side rails were used. She had a high fall risk assessment; therefore fall risk precautions were implemented upon admission. She was placed on strict intake and output (IO), and her fluids were monitored. She was instructed to drink required amount of fluid per day (1500ml). Staff member offered bedside commode every two hours to encouraging voiding. She and family members were informed as to the importance of RP to remain dry. This will limit the environmental factors needed for bacterial growth. RN (preceptor) communicated with adult foster care on the needs of the client after discharge. Lab results were also monitored closely for any change that would indicate worsening infection. PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT: URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND HYPOTHYROIDISM Textbook recommends medications that treat bacteria and the promotion of client comfort. Cure is dependent on the antibiotic level achieved in the urine. Long-term antibiotic therapy is recommended for chronic UTIs (Ignatavicius Workman, 2006). RP received, via intravenous therapy (IV), Azactam (antibiotic) per Dr. order, to treat her infection. Paroxetine mesylate (antianxiety agent, antidepressant) 30 mg by mouth daily, used to decrease anxiety. Also given Levothyroxine (hormone) as a thyroid supplement. PROVIDER AND MANAGER ROLE: NURSING CARE PLAN Priority Nursing Diagnosis P Impaired urinary elimination R Incontinence due to urinary tract infection C Acute lower tract pain 7/10 upon urination, Priority Patient Goal The patient will be able to state absence of pain or excessive urination by discharge AEB: Pain upon urination 0/10, Decreased urge to void, Empting bladder completely Three Priority Nursing Interventions The nurse will monitor patient for incomplete emptying of bladder by using bladder scan post void. The nurse will encourage patient to drink water at each meal. The nurse will instruct patient on the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Evaluation of Progress toward Patient Goal The patient was able to recite some signs of UTIs to nurse. She recognized pain on urination and foul odor as signs of an infection. The patient was reluctant to drink water at any one time. She continued to have incontinent periods, but this was less frequent on day of discharge. The patient partially met the goals put forth for her. PROVIDER AND MANAGER ROLE Member of the discipline and the Role of the Multi-Disciplinary Team As a member of the discipline I was inclined to have verbal interactions with the ER staff before RP had arrived to F-300. Consulted with housekeeping to assure the RPs room was cleaned and ready for admission. Ward clerk assured that tests were ordered. Dietician was consulted to help with nutritional needs. Discharged planner made transportation arrangement to return patient to long care facility. Social worker discussed local community resources of support with the family. Provider of Care Role As provider of care for this patient, I kept this patient cleaned and dry when incontinent. I utilized the fall risk precautions to provided safety. Implemented steps to encourage patient to accept and understand a bladder training routine. Monitored patient labs and reported abnormal results to the doctor. Manager of Care Role As manager of care I evaluated the client for her fall risk and implemented fall risk precautions. Delegated the placement of bed alarms and tabs to the LPN assigned to us. My preceptor and I discussed the possible ways to teach client prevention of developing UTIs. Collaborated with nursing home staff on ways to improve clients care at extended care facility. Growth in the Manager of Care Role In completing these tasks I was able to see the complete picture of the patient. I was educated on the disease process and the effect other co-morbidities had on providing an environment that encourages an infection. In caring for RP I was able to developed and strengthen my delegating skills, learning to rely on others and not solely on myself.

Legal Studies – the Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006

The Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibility) Act 2006 commenced on the first of July 2006 assists in the way that separating parents resolve their disputes involving the best interests of their children. This law is still taking time to make an effect on divorcing and separating parents, as sources show that shared custody arrangements or 50:50 joint custody makes little effect on the children involved in these situations. This was achieved through a major study conducted by Bruce Smyth and Bryan Rodgers who showed that children in shared care are no worse off or no better than those who see the other parent every second weekend for example [Source E]. The aim of the legislation was to change the past 1995 reforms as they failed to achieve the desired impact of separating couples [source A]. The act was created also to encourage parents to share the parenting of their children by allowing them to have equal time with both mother and father and also for the major decisions and responsibilities of the children to be distributed evenly. The law was changed because of the various groups who protested against the past regulations the law provided. The changes included the terminology, facilitation of shared parenting time and the concept that the separated parents both retain parental responsibility [Source A]. The new family law process outlined in the Every Picture Tells a Story report also creates an emphasis on parents coming to agreements in a ‘parenting plan’. There was also a proposal to create a ‘Family Tribunal’, which was where the separating parents could work their issues with consultation and counseling without the invasive use of the courts. The government also put forward $400 million to be spent on 65 family relationship centres for counseling couples [Source B]. Groups who have been against the Family Law Amendment are law academics, judges, women’s legal services, and single mother groups, [source D] because of the issue of abuse from their spouses after the separation. The act sets out that parents are to share the responsibility of the children between them, with the exclusion of abusive spouses. This therefore results in parents having to consult each other about their children’s education, religious and cultural upbringing, health, change of name, and also place of residence [Source A]. Also included in the act is that counseling would be offered to parents in assisting them to reach an agreement between both parties, and child support doesn’t have to be given until six weeks after the parents have separated. The Act only previously allowing grandparents contact through applications however rights have been elevated and the relationship between the children and grandparents are taken directly into consideration when making the arrangements in the parenting plan. The presumption of equal shared responsibility in the amendment means that both parents have an equal role in making decisions about the major choices involving the children; for example what school they will attend. The presumption however does not apply to a parent who has engaged in any abuse, violence or neglect towards the child, and was not included in the previous Act. With this the Act strives to provide the parents with equal shared responsibility which means the child spends a reasonably even amount of time with each parent (if it is in the best interest of the child). The main issue of the legislation is the increase in funding necessary for the Act to go ahead, as the proposals put forward for the committee, family centres, and other programs require a great deal of money to be established. Tax payers are forced to contribute more so that these can be provided, however in saying this establishing the inquisitorial tribunal creates a more level playing field for separating partners, particularly if one party cannot afford private legal representation [Source A]. In excluding legal representation, which is what happens in this process, creates a lesser need for lawyers to be involved in family matters, therefore those representing families will no longer be needed. According to the National Association of Community Legal Centres they suggest that the new family law and processes â€Å"may be harmful to children† [Source B]. Compulsory mediation may force separated parents to communicate and associate with their former abusive partners, who may blackmail or force that parent to agree to an arrangement that benefits the abuser. This leads to a lifetime of fear and anticipation of more abusive from the former partner. According to the legislation, if a report or suspicion of abuse has arisen, the mediation will not go forward nor will it agree to unsafe parenting arrangements. While some children benefit from the equal shared parenting arrangements, it doesn’t mean that some are better or worse off than others. Joint physical custody has been found to be workable only in a minority of separations where parents have freely chosen the arrangement. The cases in which the shared parenting has generally worked is when there is no record of abuse or conflict and when there is commitment from both parents. [Source C]. Throughout this whole process the mediation is voluntary, and can stop at any time as the couples wish. The parties have access to legal advice, either during the mediation or before signing any mediated agreement [Source B]. There are many financial problems with this Act, as separated parents have to pay for the children independently and cannot find stability with their finances in order to pay for schooling, health and so forth. There is also the major issue that is domestic violence. The Act reinforced a fine for making false allegations about abuse and therefore some parents were pressured into making parental agreements that involved the abuser. This also made some victims too scared to tell courts about abuse or violence directed at their children [Source F]. This law is affective, however could be revised in order to benefit the parents. The financial problems that are caused by this law are unavoidable for some families, as one parent or both may struggle to afford to make ends meet. The court could evaluate each parent’s financial status and the ability of them to be economically safe in order to enable them to be able to raise the children effectively. However in saying this, the court should not take children off one parent if they are not capable to pay for the child, especially if the other parent is reportedly an abuser. Abusive parents should be constantly monitored whilst mediating with the other parent (if the victim wants mediation) and the child should have a say in which parent they think is able to look after them. Abusive spouses should not be allowed any contact with the victim while proceedings are happening, so that they do not coerce the other parent into an unfair parenting agreement. The abused parent should also be supervised during this period so that it is seen that they are not influenced or blackmailed by the abuser. The Act should focus more on the child’s need than the parents. While both parents have equal shared responsibility, the child should be involved in the parenting agreements and have a fair say in what happens to them. It is argued that the Act focuses more on the parent’s rights than the children’s needs, and that the reforms favor fathers more than mothers [Source F]. In conclusion, it is believed that the Act is not effective however has improved the rights of equal responsibility between parents. It is said that shared care is proving successful for many parents, [Source E] however parents are the only beneficiaries from this because the arrangement aids them more than the child, as the Act is more in the parents favor than the children’s. The Act should be revaluated so that it is beneficial to all parties.

Widowhood Case Study

A quick review of the case study suggests the following central issues: The impact that a chronic illness has on a marital relationship, and the burdens of taking care of the spouse, the initial stages of grief and bereavement after their passing, the transition from having a long term partner, to widowhood, and the likely outcomes that the subject will experience during her transition from married, to widowhood, to single-hood. Impact of Chronic Illness on Marital Relationships Chronic illness in anyone family can have many impacts, not only on the person who is ill, but on the family and care givers as well. More importantly, it can affect children and spouses’ emotionally and physically. In Clara’s case, there is a very high possibility that her relationship with her husband experienced a considerable change in relationship and sexual satisfaction. There have been studies done in the past that state, â€Å"Although spouses of chronic pain patients showed no more physical symptoms than spouses of diabetics, they reported significantly more pain symptoms that were related to elevated levels of depressed mood. † (Herta Florb, 2002) The depression felt because of her husbands chronic illness, is likely the reason why she pulled away from her family, and friends. She likely did not want them to see her in that state, and wanted them to think that she was strong, and could handle it. However, other parts of the studies have indicated that â€Å"not only is chronic pain associated with problems in the marital relationship but heightened distress and physical symptoms in spouses as well. † (Herta Florb, 2002) The effects are not so much the reality of a chronic pain problem, but instead a manner for paitents and spouses to cope with the situation. Burdens of care giving and the initial stages of grief and bereavement This leads us to the topic of the burden of caregiving. There is a large impact on ones emotional and physical well being. Women’s greater focus on the emotional side of the caring relationship and on reaching standards of what they consider good care, †¦this is â€Å"not to be confused with how much a spouse cares about her partner† (Connidis, 2010, p. 88). In the case of Clara, there is an assumption that she cared deeply for her husband, but was focused on his needs, and taking care of him, and this may have put great strain, on their marriage, because she may have felt a sense of disdain in the final days of her husbands life. Possibly blamed him for her being out of touch with her family, and friends, and not having circle of people around her to help take care of her during the initial stages of grief and bereavement once her husband passes. There are generally 5 main stages of grief that someone feels when dealing with a loss, however when going through a loss as large as that of a spouse, it is more likely that one will go through each stage in a more defined way. Shortly after the death, there is the Numbness & denial – this is the feeling of shock and disbelief. Even though in Clara’s case she knew that this day would come, she still likely will have gone through this stage. The next stage is yearning & anger – this happens when the main shock has worn off, and one would long for the lost loved one, and one may even feel a sense of anger and thinking that there could have been something more that coul dhave been done. Next comes emotional despair & sadness- this is mostly a long period of tru bereavement. The point when the reality that that person, in this case Clara’s husband is truly gone. This brings one to the reorganization stage – this is when the widow will earn how to deal with practical businss of living, without your loved one at your side. This is also when the sun may start to shine a little more each day in ones life, and also a time when outside sources of support will likely be reeived with open arms. Lastly is the stage of letting go & moving on. This is often when the sadness starts to fade into the background, and new interests take on importance. Experience of widowhood In the case of Clara, widowhood was not likely sudden, as it often is for elderly people. She acted as a caregiver for her husband who had a chronic illness, and likely was warned by doctors, family, and friends, to prepare her for his passing. Since Clara was restricted, from family and friends, by caring for her husband, she was likely the sole caregiver, her husband’s passing although saddening, may also have been seen by her as relief. â€Å"Caring for a departed spouse allows some widowed persons to anticipate their loss and to feel some relief in their death† (Connidis, 2010, p. 106). This relief may be seen as the beginning of her transition to single life. Transition into widowhood Becoming widowed can be a difficult and sometimes devastating life transition. â€Å"Because women remain much more likely than men to be widowed, widowhood is often considered a women’s issue,† (Connidis, 2010, p. 108). Based on psychological studeies that have been done, the initial stage of bereavment, can last anywhere from two to four years. This is generally seen as a period of mourning, and can be â€Å"characterized initlaly by profound psychological disorganization† (Connidis, 2010, p. 08) Often times, and possibly in Clara’s case, this is also an opportunity to rebuild relationships that may have been hindered during the state of spousal care, by leaning on family and friends during the emotional pain, grief, and loss, as well as slowly taking part in groups of people who had experienced similar transitions in their lives. A great defenition given by a widow is this: â€Å"Joan Didion (2005) describes the year after her husband’s death as one of magical thinking during which she felt invisible and understood only by others who were in the same situation. † (Connidis, 2010, P. 09) Outcomes Clara like other widows and widowers will experience a great influx of emotions and changes after the passing of her husband. Based on conversations that I personally have had with counselors who focus on loss, they encourage people to broaden their social circles again, once they have come out of the fog of the loss of their loved one. In many cases, family and â€Å"friends emerge as important network members in widowhood†¦widows are more likely than the married to consider a friend both a confidant and a companion, and friends occupy a larger portion of these networks among widowed persons. (Connidis, 2010, p. 114) As for Clara, perhaps her and her husband had children that had pulled away because of the long term illness of their dad and they may now be spending more time with their mother. If children are in the picture, Clara now has time to spend with her grandchildren perhaps. She may go out and join social groups, such as knitting circles, church groups, exercise groups for seniors, or even take on a volunteering position. These are all acts to assist her in getting out of the house. Assuming that Clara is now living in a large house all alone, perhaps she will move into a facility for seniors, where she can have her own apartment type living quarters, but also where there are activities that she can partake in with other widows, and widowers. Often when a parent becomes widowed, they will take up residence with the children; this will often be seen as â€Å"the parent helping the child out†, not the other way around. In Clara’s case, because she lives far away from her family, there is a high possibility that she will sell the home that her and her husband had resided in, and re locate so that she can be closer to her family. This will allow her to reconnect with her children, and grandchildren. This may however be a very hard move for her to endure, as she will be leaving behind friends that she may have had where her and her husband had lived. However, moving to a new place, with new people, and new activities will act as a fresh start for Clara. This could be a while new life for her to live, even at the age of 80. Many people still have lots of gumption in them, at that age, and are still looking for companionship, and to be loved. As can be found on a website for seniors, â€Å"The sex need to some people is romance, companionship, and closeness–often the need for actual sex is quite minimal. In other people the need is quite strong. When we lose our spouse, we lose our sexual partner and our feelings can be anything from the desire to shun sex for the rest of our lives to powerful needs, and anything in-between. Sexual feelings after being widowed are quite common and the feelings should not make us feel guilty† (Diehm, 2000) In closing, nothing can prepare anyone for the shock and grief of widowhood, even when we know it is impending. One of the myths of mourning is that is has an ending point, and that if we wait long enough, it will stop hurting. Unfortunately it doesn’t. As we have discussed in this paper, it is important to work through the various phases of grief and it will eventually get better, and we no longer allow it to paralyze us. The important thing is to live our lives to the fullest, and enjoy each day knowing that the person we have lost is with us in our hearts, enjoying each day that we live in their memory.

An Analysis of Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay - 865 Words

A Worn Path – An Analysis The short story A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, is a descriptive story of a grandmothers difficult journey, for a grandson she loves. Her devotion to her grandson and wanting to provide him with a better lifestyle, was her motivation to overcome these trials. On this trip, Phoenix Jackson, the grandmother, struggles against old age, nature, and reality. Phoenix Jackson was certainly a dedicated old lady. She refused to give up, despite the odds against her, to help her grandson. Her grandson was very sick, and needed certain medication to live. After traveling miles through wilderness, barbed wire, thorn bushes, and being confronted by a white man with a gun, she still persisted on her†¦show more content†¦She expresses her joy in accomplishing this feat by saying, I wasnt as old as I thought(213). The reader may notice that throughout the book Phoenix Jackson is referred to as Old Phoenix, Old being in capital letters suggest that its more than just an adjective describing her but rather a part of her. Even when she arrives into town, she needs another ladies assistance in tying her shoes, because she cannot do it herself. And the struggle continues, as even when shes at the hospital, she forgets the reason for her journey momentarily. Along with struggling against her old age Phoenix Jackson had many elements of nature holding her back from helping her grandson. She had to travel very far to reach the hospital for his medicine. On her way she encountered many elements of wildlife, of which she scared out of her path. Her dress was constantly caught in the brush and was in danger of being ruined as she passed a barbed wire fence. This also took place during Christmas time when it more than likely was extremely cold out side. But Phoenixs desire to help her grandson, and save his life, while also preserving some life of her own, helped her strive in completing this trip. When one thinks about the reasoning for this journey, many conclusions can be made. From the content provided in the story and the readers knowledge of the time period it was written in, we know that this was during a period of time when it wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Eudora Weltys A Worn Path905 Words   |  4 Pagespeople to go out of their way, and when they have nothing left, it makes them continue. On the other hand, it may be to overcoming that it blinds the person, and he or she does not know the full consist of the situations he or she is in. In Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, Phoenix Jackson is perceived as determined and loving due to her actions, yet at the same time, she seems innocent and at loss of the situation she is in. Thought the story, Jackson is portrayed as being a determined person. Many obstaclesRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreDecoding The Symbolism Used in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1276 Words   |  6 PagesToday we will be talking about the different literary references used throughout Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†. I will explain and decode different techniques used by the author throughout her story. The story is of an old southern African American woman, named Phoenix Jackson, making her way into to town to pick up her grandsons medication from the doctor’s office. But this is no normal old woman. She cannot see and is picking her way with a cane to make her way across a barrage of obstaclesRead MoreNever Give Up: a Character Analysis of Phoenix from Weltys A Worn Path977 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Phoenix from Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† By STUDENT NAME Professor NAME CLASS NAME DATE Outline Thesis statement: In â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty, Phoenix Jackson displays extraordinary perseverance in the face of difficulty, which ultimately allows her to accomplish her goal. I. Personal obstacles A. Body B. Mind II. Physical obstacles A. Nature B. Society Never Give Up: A Character Analysis of Phoenix from Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† AlthoughRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction James Saunders wrote an interesting article â€Å"’A Worn Path’ The Eternal Quest of Welty’s Phoenix Jackson† (The Southern Literary Journal 25.1, Fall 1992: p62-73.) that not only analyzed Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† (The Collected Works of Eudora Welty) from his perspective but also included the perspectives of other authors which makes his article an excellent source for interpretations of ‘A Worn Path’. Summary Saunders article summarizes Phoenix Jackson as a symbol of the ChristianRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty1707 Words   |  7 PagesFebruary 2016 A Worn Path In the Eudora Welty’s ‘‘A Worn Path’’, there is a distinct description of characters that live in the era of segregation and the great depression. Because Welty is a native of the south, this story is based from the experiences during her life. Her struggles are relived in the characters of not just â€Å"A Worn Path† but also a lot of her other stories. She uses hidden messages in her stories and includes deep meaning in the simplest of characters and instances. Welty’s use of theRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty944 Words   |  4 PagesWhat reaches would you go to in order to aid the ones you love? In â€Å"A Worn Path,† by Eudora Welty, the reader is taken on Phoenix Jackson’s, the main character’s, journey to the doctor’s office to obtain the medications needed for her ill grandson. Having to commute in such difficult conditions, Phoenix endures through the dense and tiresome woods, stretching from th e countryside to the town. After persevering through the long journey to her destination, Phoenix arrives at the building and receives

Literacy Development - 2585 Words

NAME: Keneisha Blair LECTURE: Ms. Palmer I.D#: SW9011/11 COURSE WORK #: 3 Emergent literacy According to May (1990, p. 59) emergent literacy is the process of learning. It is a product of children’s explorations with concepts and conventions about language with which they are familiar. Two Early Literacy behaviours in young children * Pretend reading * Scribbling Two activities that can be used to enhance and cater for pretend reading Young children imitate what they see adults do in society. On such thing is reading. Children will take up any form of literature and pretend that they are reading. To enhance and cater for this behaviour parents and teachers can: Activity 1 The teacher or parent should ensure†¦show more content†¦This is so because if students have to pause to decode words in each sentence then the reading will not be fluent. According to Balsiger, fluent readers have highly automatic word recognition, and the skills to sound out unfamiliar words; dysfluent readers make frequent mistakes, have poor word recognition, skip words, substitute similar-appearing words, and struggle with unfamiliar words. Reading speed refers to the rate at which pupils read. It should be noted that both children and adults vary their reading speed depending on how difficult the text is and its purpose. But, extremely slow or fast reading is often a characteristic of a dysfluent reader. Finally, prosody is the ability to orally read sentences expressively. This incorporates proper phrasing and intonation. Dowhower (1991, p. 166) stated that prosody is the ability to read in expressive rhythmic and melodic patterns. Kelly to give According to Sheakoski (2012), a strategy that can be used to improve fluency in reading is repeat reading. Students can increase fluency skills using the repeated reading strategy during which they read a short passage repeatedly. It should be noted that fluency is more than just pronouncing words correctly, it also encompasses the process of fully and smoothly conveying what the text is about. The ability to read fluently is a predictor of comprehension. This is mainly because the more fluently one reads the easier it is for him or herShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Knowledge, Literacy, And Literacy1981 Words   |  8 PagesDigitization and literacy Most simply stated literacy is considered as the ability to read and write. However, with the development of knowledge, literacy became more complex, it evolved into a cognitive process which involves critical interpretation of information that are represented through spoken and written words. According to dr. Kirk Panneton, it is an important intellectual, cultural and electronic capability† (1). As the dr. Pannton’s view of literacy involves digital capabilities ofRead MoreLiteracy Skills And Development Of Literacy Training Programs907 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Literacy Many individuals in the United States are struggling with reading, writing, and comprehension. This is not only necessary for daily life in today’s world, but imperative on the healthcare front. â€Å"Health literacy continues to be a major problem despite public and private efforts at all levels to address the issue through testing of literacy skills and development of literacy training programs† (Bastable, 2014, p. 256). â€Å"By focusing on health literacy issues and working togetherRead MoreAdult Literacy and Community Development Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesMy vision in my work with VOC this year is to explore the intersection of adult literacy and community development. Through research, I hope to learn more about the connection between research and practice in writing for adult learners; through working with a community based organization I hope to deepen my knowledge and understanding of the impact and challenges of working in a literacy program and how this translates into overall goals of improving livelihoods and building a stronger communityRead MoreLiteracy Influences Child Development, Social Interaction And Development Of The Brain978 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy influences child development, social interaction and the ability to overcome obstacles a positive aspect. If you are reading this, at some point in time someone, somewhere taught you to read. Literacy in small children can be very beneficial to the growth and development of the brain. â€Å"Decades of research prove that when young children are surrounded by literature-rich environments are spoken to and read to frequently, have the skills needed to start school and are appropriately supportedRead MoreDevelopment Of Quality Literacy Programs For Children And Parents1091 Words   |  5 Pagesin health, child development, and mental health. The main focus is on the development of infants and toddlers. The main goal of this organization is to guarantee that all ba bies and toddlers are given a strong start in life. Promoting an understanding about key issues that affect young children and their families. Key issues include infant mental health, child care, early language and literacy development, early intervention and the impact culture has on early childhood development (About Us, 2016)Read MoreTwo Theories of Literacy Development1395 Words   |  6 PagesIn this task I am going to identify 2 different theories of language development I am going to be doing, Naom Chomsky and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget According to Piaget, language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking determines when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say. For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size.Read MoreLanguage and Literacy Development1014 Words   |  5 PagesRUNNGHEAD: LANGUAGE AND LITERACY DEVELOPMENT ESSAY Language and Literacy Development Essay Alma J. Bosket Early Literacy Development (O101) -ECH-425 Dr. Leah Barley July 21, 2013 Language and Literacy Essay The achievement of oral language is a normal development for the performance of most children. The child’s (ren) understanding to communicate will began to increase with ageRead MoreDevelopment Of Literacy For Students902 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of literacy for students in pre-K through 1st grade all need a basic understanding of letter recognition, knowing phonics, and the difference between vowel sounds when they are long and short. Once these skills are established progression will be made with the introduction of diphthongs and blends. Ways that allow students to learn these basics without losing interest with posters and reads alouds is incorporating interactive videos such as LeapFrog where it draws the students inRead MoreReflection On The Literacy Development1791 Words   |  8 Pages Reflections As future educators, it is important that we understand and become consciously aware that phonological awareness is an essential aspect of the emergent literacy development. The comprehension of phonological awareness is critical for learning to read any alphabetic writing system. For this assignment, we chose to implement a word awareness, rhyming, and alliteration activity in our typically developing service learning classes. Also, we incorporated phonics throughout these activitiesRead MoreChildrens Emergent Literacy Development1395 Words   |  6 Pagessignificantly impacts a child’s emergent literacy development. (Senechal, Lefevre, Thomas , Daley, 1996; Sawyer, et al., 2014; Sà ©nà ©chal LeFevre, 2002; Senechal LaFevre, 2014). HLE is defined by the â€Å"frequency of storybook reading and literacy teaching during book reading† (Sawyer, et al., 2014, p. 65). Sà ©nà ©chal LeFevre (2002 2014) conducted a study to prove that a positive and helpful HLE aid s in children’s emergent literacy. The Home Literacy Model used proved the original hypothesis

Assisted Suicide - Introduction - 1878 Words

Introduction/Rationale No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given.†, this is according to the Indiana Code of Criminal Law and Procedure. In ancient days, assisted suicide was frequently seen as a way to preserve one’s honor. For the past twenty-five years, on the other hand, the practice has been viewed as a response to the progress of modern medicine. New and often expensive medical technologies have been developed that prolong life. However, the technologies also prolong the dying processes, leading some people to question whether modern medicine is forcing†¦show more content†¦The other person simply helps for example, providing the means for carrying out the action. In the US, only the State of Oregon permits assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act allows terminally ill state residents to receive prescriptions for self-administered lethal medications from their physicians. It does not permit euthanasia, in which a physician or other person directly administers a medication to a patient in order to end his or her life. The Oregon law allows adults with terminal diseases who are likely to die within 6 months to obtain lethal doses of drugs from their doctors. A relatively very small number of people sought lethal drugs under the law and even fewer people who actually used them. Many patients have said that what they want most is a choice about how their lives will end, a finger on the remote control, as it were. Like for instance, the case of Diane, one of the patients of Dr. Timothy Quill. She was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and she was under Dr. Quill for a period of 8 years. Dr. Quill informed her of the diagnosis, and of the possible treatments. The series of treatments include multiple sessions of chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant, accompanied by an array of ancillaryShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide - Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility2678 Words   |  11 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Brandon Tucky SOC120: Introduction to Ethics amp; Social Responsibility Carrie Quiza April 27, 2012 Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide has been an ethically intense subject to many people for decades. The U.S. sees this as an illegal and immoral way to end one’s life while many other countries find it is perfectly legal and moral. The determination of its true standing is one that will probably take many more decades to fully understand. Read MoreAssisted Suicide - Introduction1887 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction/Rationale No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given.†, this is according to the Indiana Code of Criminal Law and Procedure. In ancient days, assisted suicide was frequently seen as a way to preserve one’s honor. For the past twenty-five years, on the other hand, the practice has been viewed as a response to the progressRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide. Introduction.1672 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide Introduction Euthanasia is when a patient suffering from a disease that cannot be cured is helped to die in a painless manner. Doctors help in such cases to kill patients without feeling much pain. It is an activity the permits the hopeless and injured people to die painlessly with reasons of mercy towards their suffering. Euthanasia is a Greek name that means easy death to individuals. The translation into the English dictionary has given the word the sameRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Who Should Decide If A Terminally Ill Person?1146 Words   |  5 PagesGemini Government Siembor Who should decide if a terminally ill person has the right to commit physician-assisted suicide? Introduction Physician Assisted Suicide has been a very controversial topic in the recent years. P.A.S can also be known as physician assisted death or euthanasia. Many states wonder wither this practice is morally right or wrong. Physician Assisted Suicide is when a doctor administers patient lethal drugs, upon the request of the patient, with the end result being deathRead MorePhysician Assisted Death As A Person s Ethno Cultural Identity1673 Words   |  7 Pagesas physician assisted-death is, it is also one of great merit that offers an opportunity to explore a better understanding of the human experience. Physician assisted-death is often coupled with the term euthanasia and although it can be seen as a form of euthanasia, it differs in that the patient is in the control of the process through which they commit the act of suicide. In the consideration of the role of a human service professional during the procedure that is physician assisted-death (PAD)Read MoreThe Need for the Legalizatio n of Physician-Assisted Suicide2485 Words   |  10 Pagesprevent death. Many people turn to a procedure known as Physician-Assisted suicide, a process by which a doctor aids in ending a terminally ill patient’s life. This procedure is painless and effective, allowing patients to control their death and alleviate unnecessary suffering. In spite of these benefits, Physician-Assisted suicide is illegal in many places both nationally and internationally. Despite the fact that Physician-Assisted suicide is opposed by many Americans and much of the world on ethicalRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2572 Words   |  11 Pages1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution inRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not A Bad Thing2331 Words   |  10 Pagesis to inform the reader in order to/so that euthanasia isn’t a bad thing it could help many people but there should still be restrictions. The author write in a formal tone for the American Studies English teachers at Granite Hills High School. Introduction Five years ago, Joe was a retired landscaper and a loving father and grandpa. Joe was a very active man only wanting the best for himself. Everyday he would wake up make himself a healthy breakfast, go on a walk and take his grandchildren to

Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets

Question: Discuss about the Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets. Answer: Introduction Citigroup Global Market is a financial services company operating in Australia and carries out its business in circa 100 countries. It is the defendant in the proceedings of Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Ltd (Citigroup). Citigroup Inc. participates on various businesses in Australia. For example, it participates in the Corporate and Investment Bank (CIB), which is a company known internally. In turn, CIB has many operating divisions such as the Investment Banking Division (IBD) and Equities, among many others. The IBD delivers advisory and investment banking services. Equities, on the other hand, engage in proprietary security trading (Liptak Goldstein, 2016). The issue in the ASIC v Citigroup, therefore, is how the association between a customer and the investment bank came under an equitable microscope. The bank was giving advisory services based on a planned purchasing bid to this client. However, the primary question in the case is if the letter of engagement for retaining a bank by a great public organization to talk about the takeover bid left out the presence of any fiduciary association between the bank and its customers (Black, Mills Cox, 2007). Following the issue in this proceeding, this paper begins with an overview of the ASIC v Citigroup case, outlines the breached duties, and goes on to look into some more details of the Court's decision and the reasons for it given the Corporation Act. Background of the Case On August 8, 2005, the Investment Banking Division got reserved by a subsidiary of an Australia firm known as Toll Holdings Limited (Toll) to be able to offer banking and commercial services. These services were to take place in connection with proposed takeover of another listed company known as Patrick Corporation Limited by Toll Holdings. Toll wanted to use Patrick as means through which it can use to access ports logistic market. It was a significant transaction that traded at AUD 4.5 billion. The parties that got involved were highly sophisticated. In response to these services, Toll selected two venture banks to provide it with advice in connection with the bid. One of the banks was Citigroup while the other one was the Carnegie Co Pty Limited. According to the terms of retainer execution done on 8th August, the charges for the fruitful completion of the purchase from the Citigroup IBD were likely to range between AUD 10 to 18 Million. On the other hand, Equities and IBD of the Citigroup divisions got detached by the precise data and other obstacles recognized in the commercial segment as the Chinese walls (Kennedy, 2009). Those staffs who got employed on the IBD side were working in the private department of the Chinese walls due to being routinely possessing a secret sensitive information concerning securities such as information about the intentions of Toll in connection to Patrick. Additionally, those employees who were operating in the public department of the wall were in the Equities division. The main reason for the Chinese wall was to prevent Citigroup from breaching the rules regarded as insider trading laws in Australia, by doing business with the Equities section of the Patrick shares through the IBD department. Such activity was considered as private information about Patrick. On Friday 19th August 2005, a trader in Citigroup's equities section obtained a huge part of Patrick's share. Nobody suggested that, when he purchased the shares, the buyer already had information about the proposed bid of Toll on behalf Patrick. Instead, the buyer appears to have been following how the price was moving in relation to Patricks price. The trader's response to the movements of the price reflected broad market assumption concerning the possibility of Patrick as the topic of a purchaser. When it reaches mid-day of the same day, the broker had already had a long, considerable share in Patrick. On the other hand, Patrick's value had reasonably appreciated. At 3.30pm, somebody who was guiding the broker called him aside and discussed with him shortly telling him to stop purchasing the shares of Patrick. After that discussion, the dealer went back in the dealing and put on sale some of his positions. As the events unfold, the bid that Toll had for Patrick got announced on subsequent following business day, in this case, on Monday 22 August 2005. Otherwise, under standard practice, Toll trading in Patrick shares bid got inspected by the investigation department of the Australian Security Exchange Limited, in which they witnessed the exchange on which the bid got listed (Standen Angus-Smith, 2009, p.607). The Australia Security Exchange checked whether there was a likelihood of any insider trading in Patrick by the Citigroup. After that, they forwarded the concern to ASIC for further investigation. ASIC started its investigations touching Citigroup towards the end of 2005 but completed early 2006. ASIC began the trials touching Citigroup in 2006. Duties and Responsibilities Breached Though the ASIC did not claim that Equities Trading was aware of the insider information as it was buying the shares, its stand was that; the Citigroup as Tolls advisor was in a fiduciary affiliation in one way or the other (Benard, 2007). ASIC alleged that it breached its fiduciary duty when it purchased shares in Patrick, thus contravened its responsibilities under 912A(1) provision of the Corporations Act. Moreover, Citigroup violated the rules of section 12DA of the ASIC Act together with Section 1043 of the Corporation Act. These sections prohibit false and deceiving behavior referred as Fiduciary Claim (Hanrahan, n.d.). The further allegation was that Citigroup contravened the insider trading laws that are in section 1043A of the Corporation Act. First, the Equities Trading had an assumption that alleged that Citigroup was representing Toll in the anticipated buyout of Patrick (Hastings Marjoribanks, 2012, p.544). This assumption came out due to what ET heard after Investment Bank realized the potential conflict (Citigroup Inc. 2008). On the other hand, ASIC suspected that this assumption composed of information in the definition of 'Division 3 financial products under section 1042A of the Corporative Act. It got argued that the sale of the 200,000 shares had constituted insider business by Citigroup, thus making it the first Insider Trading Claim (Hastings Marjoribanks, 2012, p.542). It was also because the ASIC realized the challenges in the second claim that Chinese Walls Citigroup had in place. ASIC allegation was that, because the senior IB staff had the knowledge about a substantial likelihood that Toll was going to launch its tender, that acquaintance was accredited to the entire Citigroup. Therefore, ASIC suspected Citigroup to have engaged in insider trading since its shares got purchased by the Citigroups Equities division, thus making the allegation to be additional Insider Trading Claim. Decision of the Court According to the Federal Court of Australia on Thursday 28 June 2007 about ASIC v. Citigroup case, was that Citigroup did not take part in insider trading and did not contravene the conflict of interest laws according to the Corporations Act (Jacobson, 2007; 'Australia Banking' 2015, p.104). It found that Citigroup did not contravene its responsibilities under s 1043A, s 1043H and s 912A(1)(aa) of the Corporations Act and s 12DA of the ASIC Act. Therefore, the Court dismisses the claims by ASIC about Citigroups breach of duties. The first Insider Trading Claim failed. This claim could only do well if the trading employee possessed the insider information and attributed his knowledge to the company. According to section 1042G(1)(a), the awareness of the staff got not associated to the enterprise unless the employee was an officer defined by section 9 of the law (Jacobson, 2007). Therefore, the Court did not come to an agreement with ASIC because the employee in question was not an officer of Citigroup (Seeto, 2008). According to the Act, an officer was a person with a senior role in management, unlike the employee in the ASIC v Citigroup case. Moreover, the Court found that the employee did not make the supposition of the takeover bid according to what ASIC claimed that Citigroup acted in place of Toll regarding Patrick's acquisition. The second Insider Trading Claim also did not succeed. According to the Courts findings, Citigroup adhered to section 1043F of the Act. It proved to the Court that it had put in place some compliance arrangements. It raised the Chinese Wall Defense in a satisfactory manner (Jacobson, 2007). It implies that the Company complied as it would be anticipated to make sure that the price sensitive data according to IB got not revealed to the Public Side employees or communicated with ET (Lumsden Bridgen, 2007, p.37). Besides, the choice to buy shares came from a person rather than the individuals who held the information and no communication of it concerning the purchase got given by IB (Seeto, 2008). The Fiduciary Claim also failed right at the beginning. This finding was so, because, the letter of engagement did not involve the existence of the fiduciary association. According to the Court, the Corporation Act did not hinder the bank from having a fiduciary duty when it started its connection with its clients (07-171 Decision, 2007; 'Australia Banking' 2015, p.62). In addition to these findings, there were also compliance implications regarding the Chinese walls, written policies and procedures for training, and the escalation procedures. In relation to the issue of the Chinese Walls, the verdict was that the arrangements to fulfill the law did not call for total perfection. Instead, it needed only the necessary steps. As a result, it came up with the following steps for an efficient Chinese wall: departments physical separation, educational programs, crossing the wall, observation from acquiescence officers, and finally the corrective sanctions. Besides, the Court found that Citigroup had its procedures in place (Citigroup Inc. 2007). For example, the company called for the IB not to spread the material information that is not meant for the public to the ET without having the right individuals to assess the informations materiality. In addition to that, Citigroup had a precise escalation policy to help IB advice the necessary people of the pot ential conflict. However, Jacobsons decision does not alter the people's recognition of the right stand of how banks that do investment provide advisory services to its customers. Nonetheless, the findings are meant to be of significance to everyone including the corporate advisers. For example, the decision allows likeness on the fiduciary obligations and how they are related to the other unbiased and entrepreneurial law requirements such as the requirement of good faith and confidence (Batten Pearson, 2013, p.520; Benard, 2007). If the Honours decision had been otherwise, the international investment banking communitys concerns that the Australian controller had distressed many entities by merging consulting businesses with those of equities trading could also get noticed ('Australia Banking' 2015, p.84). Rather, Jacobsons findings have proven that his act is not forbidden by equity, as long as the banks and the customers association with that of the company of the conglomerates business kowtows t o some particular convictions. Conclusion Therefore, the case ASIC v Citigroup is relevant to advisers and Australias commercial services regulation. When the case against Citigroup started, it appears as if ASIC did not care about protecting Toll's interests. If it wanted to protest about the copyrighted trading of Citigroup in the shares of Patrick, Toll would presumably do so on its own due to the sufficient resources. In fact, the Courts judgment shows that Toll did not have any complaint to present to Court. The CFO of Toll revealed that Toll comprehended that Citigroup would take part in copyrighted trading without opposition so long as the company did not employ Tolls private data wrongfully. Thus, it illustrates that according to the provisions of the insider trading; an adequate compliance system is relevant since it can help a company and its members from being held liable for a claim. Aside from that, the fact that Chinese Walls restrain the information from flowing between different divisions in a company, an org anization can avoid damaging its reputation and substantial fines if it complies with to the requirements of the Chinese wall. References 07-171 Decision in ASIC v Citigroup | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2007). Asic.gov.au. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/media-centre/find-a-media-release/2007-releases/07-171-decision-in-asic-v-citigroup/ 'AUSTRALIA BANKING' 2015, Acquisdata Industry Snapshots: Australia Banking, 3601, pp. 1-87. 'AUSTRALIA BANKING' 2016, Acquisdata Industry Snapshots: Australia Banking, 6604, pp. 1-108. Batten, R, Pearson, G 2013, 'Financial Advice In Australia: Principles To Proscription; Managing To Banning,' St. John's Law Review, 87, 2/3, pp. 511-559. Benard, M. (2007). McCabe, Bernard --- "ASIC v Citigroup and fiduciary obligations" [2007] BondCGeJl 5; (2007) Corporate Governance eJournal (Bond). [online] Austlii.edu.au. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ElderLRev/2007/5.html [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Black, A, Mills, K, Cox, B 2007, 'A big win for banks,' International Financial Law Review, 26, 9, p. 12. Citigroup Inc. (2007). Mergent's Dividend Achievers, 4(4), pp.60. Citigroup Inc. (2008). Mergent's Dividend Achievers, 5(2), pp.60. Hanrahan, P. (n.d.). ASIC v Citigroup: Investment banks, conflicts of interest, and Chinese walls. 1st ed. [ebook] unimelb.edu, pp.1 - 25. Available at: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1709837/67-Hanrahan_-_ASIC_v_Citigroup1.pdf [Accessed 14 Jan. 2017]. Hastings, L, Marjoribanks, G 2012, 'Tough on crime -- insider trading enforcement and its relevance to you,' Keeping Good Companies (14447614), 64, 9, pp. 542-544. Jacobson, J. (2007). Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets. Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114 832) 2007 (pp. 1-130). Sydney. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/ASICvCitigroup.pdf Kennedy, C 2009, 'ASIC holds Citigroup to account for credit products,' Money Management, 23, 46, p. 4. Liptak, A, Goldstein, M 2016, 'Supreme Court Sides With Prosecutors in an Insider Trading Case,' New York Times. Lumsden, A, Bridges, V 2007, 'Chinese Walls Lessons from the Citigroup case,' In finance, 121, 4, pp. 36-38. Seeto, G. (2008). ASIC v Citigroup - The compliance implications - Knowledge - Clayton Utz. Claytonutz.com. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2008/january/asic-v-citigroup-the-compliance-implications Standen, M, Angus-Smith, R 2009, 'ASX and ASIC -- the changing of the guard,' Keeping Good Companies (14447614), 61, 10, pp. 606-608.